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Despite cosmic rays were discovered more then 100 years ago, their origin is still unknown
The most significant result was the development of anisotropic diffusion model in a series of works. In Ref176 it was shown that consistency of existing data excluded isotropic diffusion model and cosmic rays should propagate anisotropically. In Fig.83 green lines show the values of diffusion coefficient required by boron to carbon ratio. Black lines show the values of the diffusion coefficient as function of energy in isotropic case, which is well below data at low energies. Color lines show the diffusion coefficients parallel and perpendicular to regular magnetic field. Since parallel diffusion is much faster, cosmic rays diffuse anisotropically along this field. As a result, at every local point of the Galaxy the number of contributing sources significantly decreases. This allowed us to study the contribution of individual sources to the cosmic ray flux at PeV energies(...) In work178 we studied cosmic ray flux in the outer Galaxy. For this study we con structed the pion decay model of the combined Fermi LAT + Tibet gammaray spectrum in the outer Galaxy. We found that the cosmic ray spectrum in the outer Galaxy is close to the local He spectrum with slope 2.5 and differs from the local proton spectrum, which has a slope index of 2.7. This important result shows that the 2.7 slope of cosmic ray proton spectrum measured at Earth is a local effect.